Great Works of Western Tradition: The Treatment of Time and History Essay

Not a couple of the best works in the Western convention tackle the development of humankind and of progress all through the ages. The subject of the development of human progress is even more troublesome since it is by all accounts convoluted as opposed to straight and dynamic. As it will be seen, masterminds from totally different occasions have imagined human progress in various manners, stressing either its wondrous turn of events or its conspicuous flaws. Thomas More, Voltaire and Sigmund Freud have a place with altogether different periods of human development and have held totally different sentiments about history and the advancement or involution of man. As it will be seen be that as it may, the significant subject in the entirety of the works being talked about is the development of man and society over the span of time. Besides, in Utopia, Candide and Civilization and its Discontents the improvement of development is addressed and the accomplishments of mankind questioned. In spite of the way that the originate from various defining moments in mankind's history, which had seen a gigantic development of culture and comprehension of the world, the three creators contend that the human progress is exceptionally a long way from its optimal state. Thomas More’s Utopia is a nonexistent task of the ideal human culture which takes after Plato’s Republic. As an agent of Renaissance, More is a humanist and a communist, who condemns the condition of thing in his local England. The work is in this way, from numerous points of view a backwards reflection of his contemporary society. All the more transparently addresses the problematic culture and the legislative issues in England and simultaneously makes a converse partner for these on the island of Utopia. The most striking objective of the scholar’s analysis is the particular type of government trademark for his general public: feudalism. In his conjured up universe, everybody is equivalent and nobody is poor or out of luck, since everything is disseminated fairly: â€Å"In Utopia, where each man has a privilege to everything, they all realize that if care is taken to keep the open stores full, no private man can need anything; for among them there is no inconsistent dispersion, with the goal that no man is poor, none in need, and however no man has anything, yet they are largely rich; for what can make a man so rich as to lead a peaceful and chipper life, liberated from nerves. †(More 86) According to More, cash and assets as a rule are the key of development through his eyes. In that capacity, he assaults his contemporary society at its very roots, by upholding a general public where everybody would be equivalent and in which cash would hold no significance. From his perspective, the human world was moved and motivation by imbalances and disparity in assets: â€Å"And who doesn't see that the fakes, burglaries, thefts, squabbles, tumults, disputes, seditions, murders, injustices, and black magics, which are surely preferably rebuffed over controlled by the severities of law, would all tumble off, if cash were no progressively esteemed by the world? †(More 87) Another significant angle that More notes is that, all the wrongdoings and setbacks emerging from the financial issues are rebuffed as opposed to controlled by law. This part of the human culture has stayed genuine even today, since cash is as yet a key component on the planet and since the law is just intended to help keep up a relative request. Hence, More observes the condition of human advancement during Renaissance as exceptionally unstable, since the character of individuals and their ethical quality is consistently sabotaged by the disparity with respect to the conveyance of assets. Communicating genuinely progressive thoughts for his age, More sees that the idea of the legislature time permitting is just a â€Å"conspiracy of the rich† to consume the products and to hold influence over the remainder of the populace, under the affectation of controlling the open undertakings: â€Å"Therefore I should state that, as I trust in kindness, I can have no other idea of the various governments that I see or know, than that they are a connivance of the rich, who on misrepresentation of dealing with the open just seek after their private finishes, and devise all the ways and expressions they can discover. †(More 157) More’s instinct about the activities of legislative issues and financial matters in his own general public is in this way unimaginably exact. Ideal world is in addition a total society, having all the foundation of the cutting edge world, including legislative issues, religion, science, culture and family. All the more in a general sense redesigns the social request of his time, planning a perfect network set apart by effortlessness. For example, the political framework is popularity based, as in we comprehend it today, with the entirety of the citizenry taking an interest in the decisions: â€Å"Once a year each gathering of thirty family units chooses a chairman, who used to be known as a syphogrant, yet in present day times has been known as a phylarch. There is another overseer responsible for each gathering of ten syphogrants with their family units. He used to be known as a tranibor, and is presently called a senior phylarch. All the syphograntsâ€there are 200 of themâ€elect the CEO. †( More 96) The family is a significant cell of this general public which alludes to the standards of fellowship that ought to rule and direct the world. The general public has not many laws, also, which underscores More’s perspectives on the contemporary equity framework. As indicated by him in this manner, the human culture is unavoidably founded on intricate and negligible laws, which endeavor to rebuff misconduct however which don't figure out how to control it. Moreover, science and human expressions are made available to the enormous open and not restricted to an advantaged class. All the more clearly calls attention to another basic element of communism which specifies the scholarly uniformity surprisingly. This likewise pinpoints the way that, in More’s see, the money related imbalance of individuals is the key consider causing disparity every other regard. It ought to be noticed that More built his idealistic world basically as a parody for his contemporary society. He didn't trust himself in the perfect society he proposed, basically on the grounds that the task came extensively before its time and before there would be the important conditions to set up it. His principle conflict thusly is that the human development of the Renaissance England was an adulterated and broken framework that rotated around the assets and interests. All the foundations, the legislature, the law, the economy, governmental issues and even expressions of the human experience and sciences experienced this debasement as they depended on imbalance between individuals. More’s see is even more progressive since the universe of Renaissance had faith all together and in the chain of things. This scale or pecking order of things clearly applied to the human culture also, where the lord was the most noteworthy connection in the chain, being set there by celestial will. In this specific situation, More’s consolation of balance is all the all the more perplexing. As it will be seen, just about three centuries later, Voltaire distributed a parody that assaults the legend of human progress and calls attention to its principle shortcomings. As More has a place with the Renaissance, Voltaire has a place with another time of social upset and progression, the Enlightenment. More so than the Renaissance that had built up the confidence in man and in his powers, the Enlightenment brought staggering proof of man’s thinking limits and his capacity for controlling nature and the universe and making these work in his own kindness. As More before him, Voltaire satirically assaults the very foundations of his contemporary society. His Candide can be effectively viewed as one of the most intense philosophical parodies all things considered, as it is coordinated not to a specific part of the world however to the world all in all and to the whole human race. What Voltaire taunts isn't so much the state where the world and humankind are in, however the deep rooted idealism that portrayed the Age of Reason. The qualities and doctrines of the Enlightenment thinkers are destroyed individually in Voltaire’s work: the well known articulation kept up by Leibniz and Rousseau that our reality is â€Å"the most ideal of all worlds†, the conviction that the universe is in a condition of unfaltering amicability that solitary gives the impression of turmoil, the general positive thinking that respected even the dreariest occasions on the planet as great, the confidence in the human explanation and the unrestrained choice of man and numerous other comparative self assured person feelings. Voltaire makes the eponymous character of his work, Candide (who is, not unintentionally and as his name demonstrates, staggeringly guileless and basic) experience, through his excursions and undertakings, the whole scope of human fortitude: wars, catastrophic events, diseases, subjection, strict abuse, assault, etc. In his manner, Candide encounters everything to experience and meets with all the shrewdness on the planet. His artless nature arranges him to accept the more agreeable hypothesis, which is that of his lord Pangloss. Pangloss is in this manner the model of the Enlightenment scholar, the affirmed confident person who has faith in the outright flawlessness of the world. In spite of the debacles he meets with and regardless of the malicious idea of the men he experiences, Pangloss stays an obstinate positive thinker, an advocator of the ideal concordance of the universe: â€Å"Master Pangloss educated the metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology. He could demonstrate to profound respect that there is no impact without a reason; and, that in this most ideal everything being equal, the baron’s château was the most radiant all things considered, and my woman the most ideal all things considered. † (Voltaire 27) As More before him, Voltaire unexpectedly notes here the manner by which the confidence in the flawlessness of the world is utilized by some to legitimize their own privileges. The tribute of the aristocrat and noblewoman, who are clearly a long way from moral integrity and nobleness, is an indication to

Vik Muniz Photographs :: Essays Papers

Vik Muniz Photographs I watched an exceptionally interesting arrangement of photos by Vik Muniz called Seeing is Believing. Vik Muniz’s pictures are not just photography however are pictures of muddled bits of craftsmanship he has created at before times. Using a variety of unconventional materials including granulated sugar, chocolate syrup, sewing string, cotton, wire, and soil Muniz first makes a picture, sculpturally controls it and afterward photos it. Muniz’s pictures incorporate representations, scenes, x-beams, and chronicled pictures. One work that especially grabbed my eye was a photo called â€Å"Big James Sweats Bullets† from the arrangement Sugar Children. The substance or topic of the craftsmanship is authentic. The photo delineates the persevering offspring of sugar stick estates in South America. This especially photograph is a representation of a darker looking kid, somewhat overweight, standing and smiling. The photograph is of perfectly masterminded granulated sugar over a bit of dark paper which delivers the picture of the kid. Various tactile properties create the work of art. There is a delicate light that appears to be exceptionally normal falling off the boy’s face. The light sparkles at the boy’s face at a raised level, as though he were outside on a sweltering evening with the sun overhead. There is a wide scope of tones from exceptionally brilliant, in the reflection off the young men cheeks to extremely dim in the skin of the young men face. Muniz works admirably utilizing shadows to give a sentiment of profundity and adding bends to the young men body and face. The state of the kid is certain, yet the foundation isn't characterized, permitting a negative shape or void in the image. Despite the fact that there is no really surface on the photo the surface from the first gem is evident. The utilization of sugar radiates a murky impact keeping the photograph from having a reasonable core interest. The picture of the kid has a frontal vantage point with his body fixated and adjusted on at all edges. This shows the appearance on the young men face and the size of the young men body, which is imperative to the title of the work. When taking a gander at the photo the eyes are quickly attracted to the young men face and smile.

High And Low Involvement Product

High And Low Involvement Product Intel Corporation is established by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore in year 1968, and apportioned at United States, and gradually develop to be the pioneer of the market of microchip showcase. Microchip is one of the piece of the PC and the greater part of the individuals called it as the cerebrum of the PC, it really help to move information from the PC to different information stockpiling and react to the equipment for a model show the word we type on screen and others. From year 1968, Intel Corporation begin to present a few well known arrangement of chip like MCS-40 family, Pentium arrangement, Atom arrangement, Core 2 Duo arrangement, i3 series,i5 arrangement and the most recent i7 arrangement. For this task brand or arrangement of microchip presented by Intel can't avoid being Intel Core i7 arrangement which as know as the best chip for the time. High and Low association dynamic For Intel microchip item, for example, i7, it really could be ordered in to both degree of contribution. For the customer who needed to have an awesome exhibition and dependable processor they will do heaps of research on the specific items and for the purchaser who consistently buy the Intel processor are additionally an elevated level of brand unwaveringness because of their buy history in processor is simply Intel, the vast majority of them will have an inclination that they just need Intel as the processor however not others like AMD, close to that Intel Core I7 likewise consider as a significant expense item contrast with the other microchip. So for this situation, Intel i7 is a high inclusion items and yet because of the hazard taken by the buyer to buys it really it only a low association item. Buyer dynamic procedure Buyer dynamic procedure is a subjective procedure which start when a consciousness of requirements of the customers and it closes when the purchaser have arrange that specific item or administration. In purchaser dynamic procedure, there are various distinctive model however in this task the model that we will experience profoundly will be the 5 phases of shopper dynamic procedure. http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Books/B0/B64/IMG/fwk-leather expert fig03_002.jpg The Five Stages of Consumer Decision Making Process The five of the buyer dynamic procedure will be, need acknowledgment, look for item data, item assessment, item decision and buy, postpurchase use and assessment of item, removal of the item. Need acknowledgment In this stage, shopper will worried about what they need. For a model, a shopper really discovered that they need a superior PC to mess around or to accomplish work, at that point they will begin verify that what sort of processor they really need, a superior exhibition microchip accompany a high realistic help for gaming or only an ordinary chip for typical use. Quest for Product Information At the point when the client perceived what they need, they will search for data about chip. For a model, there is a client who understands that he need a superior of microchip for gaming then he will began to search for data of the existed item regardless of from Intel or AMD. Item Evaluation At the point when the client completed on glancing data in the microchip advertise, they may begin to contrast a few item profoundly with guarantee which one will be the best for him to buy. For gaming utilization, the client may pick Intel Core I7 and AMD Opteron as the decisions accessible because of the exhibition that the item that can gracefully, and they may pick other item like Intel Core 2Duo or AMD Turion for their decision due to the less expensive cost and solidness for ordinary use. Item Choice and Purchase At the point when the client finish analyze the highlighted between the chip they pick, they will result in these present circumstances stage to pick the item which they believe is the best and buy it mean the client may buy Intel Core I7 on the grounds that after examination they discovered this microchip can give a superior presentation and the notoriety of this item is likewise acceptable contrast with the other chip after the exploration made. Post buy uses and Evaluation of the Product After expends of Intel Core I7, the client will result in these present circumstances stage to assess whether Intel Core I7 meet their desire or it didn't. The highlights that the shopper will assess may the exhibition of the chip whether is it sufficiently quick or smooth enough when they playing game and to what extent is the microchip keep going for, hardly any months or not many years. These quality will be the highlights that the customer will assess after they purchaser or utilized the item. Mental Core Consideration From this promotion, it really stands out of the individuals while individuals saw it. This ad really makes reference to that there is a progression of new microchip being acquainted with the market by Intel through the sentence expressed in the promotion. From this commercial, it additionally makes reference to that the shiny new arrangement of the Intel chip will likewise be quicker and significantly more intelligent contrast with the old arrangement of the microchip. What's more, this sort of consideration we called it as specific consideration. Intel additionally made an exceptionally mainstream improvement regard for a large portion of the buyer which is a beginning up sound of the Intel PC, and this special sound have been remembered by the greater part of the Intel client and they will realize that while this one of a kind sound fired up when the individuals on their PC, their chip must be Intel. Discernment The leaflet above is one of the items from Intel Core I7 arrangement with the data. When there is a customer setting off to a PC Fair and he got this handout and he doesn't having any enthusiasm on getting a chip, he will know the exists of this item however won't go profoundly on it and this is one of the perceptual stage that we called presentation stage. For consideration stage, that client who in the PC Fair when he get this leaflet and he having an expectation of getting a decent chip for gaming or some other use they will peruse this profoundly and do the examination of this item and contrast with the other item and toward the end they may make a specific sense to this item which may be quickest processor that he can be established and when the sense is made, it will be another perceptual stage which we call translation stage. Inspiration Inspiration is an inward power which ready to drive us to arrive at the objective or objective set to accomplish, the internal power may be wants or wishes. For inspiration there really 2 renowned hypotheses which ready to apply to item and administrations which is: Maslows Hierachy of Needs W. J. McGuire mental intentions W. J. McGuire mental intentions W. J. McGuire had drill down 16 unique needs of rationale and from this promotion we realize this really pull in 2 of the necessities that have been recorded. Necessities of boost is the primary needs that made by this commercial, this need really notice that the shopper will continually looking for change because of the boringness or some other explanation. So while customer have been tired of the old PC which giving a moderate presentation. What's more, they will begin to search for the data and might embrace Intel Core I7 to satisfy their necessities. Teleological need is the subsequent needs made by the ad while the shopper consistently imagine that their chip ought to have the option to help their PC to run the game quick and smooth yet toward the end it really incapable to do as such. So they will attempt to search for another thing which ready to satisfy their optimal circumstance, the microchip will ready to make the game quick and smooth so when they saw the sentence quickest processor earth, this will draw in them and they may attempt to receive it to satisfy their need. Learning A purchaser may be finds out about the highlighted of the processor because of the presentation and solidness while the individuals around him buy an alternate microchip. So while there is a prize and a discipline given through the assessment of item from the buyer, he may embrace Intel Core I7 in light of the fact that it may show signs of improvement assessment from the others Memory For customer who not all that intrigued on buying a processor, they would not give a lot of consideration on the properties of Intel Core i7, so the memory toward the included of the item is only a short memory while there is a shopper who being extremely propelled to look for a perfect processor, he will proceed to do heaps of research and correlation between Intel Core i7 and the other processor while he continue doing examination and research, the memory against the item will somewhat change to be a drawn out memory because of the time he experienced it. Disposition Disposition is the inclination on what we feel on certain thing that we can see, contact or heard through our tangible organ and this will be a piece of long haul memory in our cerebrum and the drawn out memory will gradually be a conviction. While we use Intel processor and we really fulfill with the item through the toughness and the exhibition, so through the experience we will make a specific faith in Intel that the nature of item is the best and this is a drawn out confidence in our heart and cerebrum. While this conviction is remain solid in our brain, different rivals like AMD is probably not going to persuade them to buy AMD processors. In year 2006, Intel runs a showcasing procedure which comprises 3 essential systems that used to change the demeanor. The 3 essential incorporate will be change conviction, move significance and changing perfect point. The promoting methodology really is running a battle named Sponsor of Tomorrow. In this crusade, Intel attempting to change the conviction of client which feel that they are only a business association by revealing to them the organization isn't just a business association yet in addition an organization which attempting to make a superior future through innovation and they als

Is it Too Late to Change My Major

If you’re a freshman in college, you’ve probably asked yourself this question. Actually, if you’re a sophomore, junior, or senior, you may have asked yourself this same question as well.Numerous factors assist you in the decision to declare a major. A college major should lead you to a successful career, a stable salary, and financial security in your future. That’s a lot of pressure to place on one decision.Don’t worry, changing your major is perfectly normal.Studiesshow that 50%-70% of undergraduate students change their majors at least once, and the majority change their majors at least three times.Every student will reach a point when it is, unfortunately, too late to switch majors. The Bottom Line†¦ There is no general truth about which semester or year is too late for switching majors. Each case is different.Many people believe thatyou should not change majors after starting your junior year. Typically, colleges give you a list of general education credits you need to complete to earn your degree.You can spend your first two years taking these courses. Doing so helps you get one step closer to graduation as well as discover what subjects you may lean toward when declaring a major.Once you get to your junior year, you definitely need to declare a major. If you endure one semester of courses in your major and hate them, now is the time to switch majors. Once you hit second semester of your junior year, you make life more difficult by switching majors late in the game.Generally, the end of junior year is â€Å"too late† to change your major.However, there are several factors you should consider when deciding if you are going to switch majors. These influences can help you d ecide if it is â€Å"too late† in your specific situation. When Do You Want to Graduate? Most incoming freshman set a goal to graduate in four years. The later you change your major, the more likely you are to push back your graduation date.Let’s say your current major is Communication Studies, and you want to change your major to English. This switch may not mess with your graduation date, because both majors are in the humanities department. They most likely have the same core classes you had to knock out your first two years.If you change your major from Communication Studies to Biology, you may be gambling with your graduation date. You would be switching from the humanities department to the science department. You would be switching from a Bachelor of Arts to a Bachelor of Science.Communication Studies and Biology most likely have different core requirements, so some of those courses you sat through your first two years may not even count toward your new degree. Those would become hours wasted. As a result, you may have to add on an extra semester or two.May be graduating a semester or two later than expected isn’t a big deal to you. Many students don’t like to graduate at different times than their friends. Others simply do not like school and don’t want to prolong the experience.If you want to graduate in four years, you should try to avoid changing majors once you begin your junior year of college. If you decide to switch after this point, you will need to add an extra class or two each semester. Eighteen or twenty-one hours makes for a hefty workload.You can’t ignore one huge reason people don’t want to be in college for more than four years: money.Is Money a Priority? It’s no secret that an undergraduate degree is expensive.According to recent studies, the average in-state tuition for public universities is $9,410 per year. Out-of-state public universities cost $23,890 per year, and private universities cost $32,410 per year.Those numbers only reflect tuition. If you’ve attended college, you know how expensive campus housing, textbooks, and food can be.Each additional semester you stay in college adds more to your bill. One more semester could mean thousands of dollars.Many college scholarships do not extend past four years. If you are taking out loans, you will have to take out more for more time in school.However, money may not be an issue for you. Your parents might be paying for your education. If you are switching majors to go into a career that quickly earns you a large salary, you will be able to pay off those extra student loans easily.Before you bury yourself in more student loans, ask yourself an important question. â€Å" Why do I want to change my college major?†Do You Need to Change Majors to Move Forward? Most students want to change their majors because they decide they want to go into a different career field.In reality, your undergraduate degree is not always a reflection of your future career.The job market is constantly changing. You should not necessarily add years and thousands of dollars to your college degree if you want to go into a certain field. Studiesshow that roughly 40%-60% of careers of the future have not even been created yet.If you decide in your junior year of college that you want to go to medical school, you do not necessarily need to change your major to Biology or Pre-Med.It’s true that medical schools have certain prerequisites. However, when choosing which students to accept into their programs, medical schools look at how well you excelled in your chosen major rather than what your major was. They look at your GPA and MCAT scores. They pay attention to you in your interview. They don’t toss out your application simply because you were a Music major.Asking, â€Å"Why do I want to change my college major?† is the most important step in making your decision. If you can’t think of a solid reason, then it’s already too late.

Truth Essay - 578 Words

Truth The question of right and wrong has been battled over for centuries. Many conservatives still believe that truth is absolute, while others disagree, saying that truth is relative. I believe that truth is an individual’s perception of beliefs and decisions. For that reason, truth differentiates among individuals thorough their contrasting opinions. But, truth is something that everyone believes to be correct. Thus, it greatly depends on what’s true in the minds of the people. On the contrary, truth that’s spoken with bad intent is considered to be worse than a lie. Hence, truth is an expression, symbol or statement that corresponds to reality and happiness. Truth is dominated by one’s subjective thoughts and beliefs. It is a†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, I also consider truth to be absolute, and therefore, it is never right to do wrong. Truth is the purity that differentiates between right and wrong. â€Å"Absolute Truth† is true regardless of what we believe and think. Absolute truth stands on its own. In the sense, absolute truth is absolutely true no matter what evidence there is for it. Truth is what corresponds to the facts. Truth does not change just because we learn something about it. Also, truth is not always good to say. If the objective of telling the truth is to hurt someone, then it is considered to be inferior to a most terrible lie. For that reason, while speaking the truth we should keep in mind that it doesnt hurt someone else’s feelings or relations. The problem we face is that, we feel the urge to tell the truth when we see it. But, we should try to accomplish this without disapproving condemnations that hurt others. So when we freely express harsh judgment of another, we are in fact talking about those negative qualities of ourselves that trouble us the most. Likewise, care should be taken that truth that’s spoken for self-satisfaction does not impair someone else’s life. Similarly, we should always bear in mind that at times lie can also be beneficial to say if, it brings happiness to others. Hence, if the truth is spoken with the purpose of destruction of something or someone thenShow MoreRelatedTruth And Truth About Truth912 Words   |  4 Pagessomething is the â€Å"truth† the definition of truth may vary from person to person; however, it is generally something that a person believes. What is the nature of this â€Å"truth†? How do us people know when something is the truth? These questions will be answered in this paper using two different approaches and how I interpreted them. In this paper I will describe what truth is and how it is attained by using two different sections of my reference, then I will combine them into what I think truth is as a wholeRead MoreTruth And Truth About Truth985 Words   |   4 Pages Truth Over Fact Truth is in the eye of the beholder. Truth and fact seem like equals. Isn’t the truth a fact, no the truth and facts can be complete opposites but still equally important. Truths are what we believe, while facts can be proven. Both truths and facts play important roles in our lives, but truths shape who we are. Facts may change how we do something, but cannot change who we are the way the truth can. Truths change how we approach our lives more than facts ever could. When theRead MoreTruth Is Not Moral Truth1273 Words   |  6 PagesMerriam-Webster defines truth as â€Å"the property of being in accord with fact or reality.† With one universe, which follows a definite set of laws, only one reality exists. Therefore, with one reality, only one, absolute truth exists. In recent years, with â€Å"social progress,† truth has been under attack. Many are not willing to accept the truth as it is, as they view absolute fact as offensive and emotionally damagin g. 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In the first century, Jesus Christ was on trial, and in the gospel of John, chapter 18:38 Pontius Pilate asked Jesus Christ: ‘And What is Truth’? Ever since then, many philosophers have attempted to answer the question. According to Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophyRead MoreThe Whole Truth And Nothing But The Truth933 Words   |  4 PagesThe Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth When a parent thinks about protecting their child, they may not consider protecting their child from the invalid information that is being taught in schools across the nation. There are many factors that go into publishing an academic textbook, but many of these factors rely solely in the political roots of the publisher. Textbooks today aim to impress children with vivid images and information that is easily understood and related to. Leaving out vitalRead MoreDifference Between Truth And Story Truth936 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I want you to feel what I felt. 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Since our early age we have been thought to believe that there has to be right and wrong and we continuously searched for the â€Å"correct† answer. Unlike school’s multiple choice tests, life thought us that there is more than one correct answer. At one point we learned that some questions don’t have answers at all, or they are way too complex for our mind to understand them. Yet

Literature A Reflection of Society - 1764 Words

In 1445, Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press and changed the world forever. Before this miraculous invention, the only way people could copy literary texts was by hand, which was a very tedious and expensive process. With the help of Gutenberg’s genius, reading materials spread across Europe with more speed than ever because the inexpensive cost of bookmaking led to a rise in sales from the people during that time period. The first book printed was the Bible in Latin, which has since gone on to be the most translated and purchased book in the world. After that was printed, however, the masses demanded more types of literature in their own languages. Ancient works on things such as science, government, and philosophy were†¦show more content†¦After locking her up, his son Haemon, who is engaged to Antigone, is clearly upset over the news and attempts to talk some sense into his father. Of course, Creon stays stubborn in his ways and claims, â€Å"The city is the king’s – that’s the law!† (1331), to which Haemon replies, â€Å"What a splendid king you’d make of a desert island – you and you alone† (1331). Here, Sophocles comments about the importance of a democracy within a society like Athens had as opposed to just one man completely having all the power. In the end, Creon realizes his mistake of putting the state before his own family and goes to release Antigone, only to find her hanged by her own hand. Haemon then kills himself, which in turn, leads to his mother and Creon’s wife, Eurydice, to do the same. Because Creon could not get out of his own way, he was left to suffer alone in his agony. This tragedy was controversial because even though Antigone defied the state law, she did right by her family and the gods, which is what ancient Greeks were supposed to put first above their own selfishness. Henry David Thoreau also believed in defying authority for the sake of the indivi dual’s conscience being. In his essay titled â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, Thoreau boldly questioned why people obeyed the laws of the United States even when they believed them to be unjust. To act upon his point, Thoreau refused to payShow MoreRelatedTransformative Learning Theory : The Importance Of Planetary Consciousness Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesrealization, reflection, discourse, and active pursuit of change. This process requires significant effort for the individual and requires deep critical reflection into personal belief systems, inflicted views from childhood, and questioning knowledge. The presented literature explores the origins of transformative learning theory, the importance of a strong planetary context, and further examples of the application of this theory. 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Racial Segregation in Brownies free essay sample

Deeply offended by their own assumption, they plan on teaching the other girls, Brownie Troop 909, a lesson. As a result, the next day the Brownie troop picks a fight with every girl within Brownie Troop 909, not knowing that those girls are delayed learners. The central theme of the story â€Å"Brownies† is segregation and how it affects the mind and actions of the younger people. In the short story, racial segregation began from the misuse term â€Å"Caucasian† at Laurel’s school, Woodrow Wilson Elementary School. The school is located in the South suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia, where there are very few whites who lives there in the East coast. In fact, there is only one white student who is enrolled at Woodrow Wilson Elementary School; a boy name Dennis. Based on the history of the time and location â€Å"Brownies† was written in many people had little interaction with Caucasians, in this case, the students at Laurel’s elementary school. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Segregation in Brownies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The troop and their classmates saw â€Å"Whites [as] baby pigeons: real and existing, but rarely seen or thought about† (Parker 179). With the comparison made between baby pigeons and white people, this illustrates that the Brownie girls never experience being around white people as much. For this reason, the children did not know the meaning of the term â€Å"Caucasian† or how the term is used correctly in a sentence. Thus, the children made fun of the word and used it in a jokingly manner by teasing each other. For example, from time to time the students would call one another â€Å"Caucasian† for the way their classmates acted and the way they were dressed. Weeks before the camping trip Arnetta, one of the Brownie girls, teased: A boy [for] wearing impossibly high-ankled floodwater jeans and said, ‘What are you? Caucasian? ’ The word took off from there, and soon everything was Caucasian. If you ate too fast you ate like a Caucasian, if you ate too slow you ate like a Caucasian. (Parker 179) With the term â€Å"Caucasian† constantly being used as a joke throughout the school, Dennis the only white kid in school joins in the act of making fun of the phrase, not knowing that it is about his own race. Racism continues when the Brownie Troop arrive at their camping destination. Still on the bus, the black girls Brownie troop judges the white girls Brownie Troop 909 for their different skin complexion and what they had brought along the camping trip. At this point in the story the girls could care less of who the white girls are and where they have come from. Z. Z. (Zuwena) Parker starts off her story with a criticism narrated by ‘Snot’, the least respected girl in the black girls Brownie troop: Troop 909 was doomed from the first day of camp; they were white girls, their complexions a blend of ice cream: strawberry, vanilla. They turtle out from their bus in pairs, their rolled-up sleeping bags chromatized with Disney characters: Sleeping Beauty, Snow White, Mickey Mouse: or the generic ones cheap parents bought: washed-out rainbows, unicorns, curly-eyelashed frogs. 177) The quote is said to give a sense of labeling and singling out of troop 909, possibly out of jealousness. The Brownie Troop mainly joked among themselves about the white girls Brownie troop on their differences in ethnicity, skin tones, and how spoil each are by their parents. By the way ‘Snot’ listed what troop 909 had brought along th eir camping trip; it may be assumed that ‘Snot’ Brownie troops were envious of them. At another point of the short story, they even compared hair length and texture of each other. The black Brownie troop racial acts continue when Arnetta made a false rumor about troop 909. Arnetta had convinced her gullible troop members that one of the white girls had called one of their troops by the name â€Å"nigger†. Arnetta, who is known to be a leader-like to her Brownie troop for her tone of voice when she speak, was so insulted by her own rumor that she told her girls, â€Å"We can’t let them get away with calling us niggers. I say we teach them a lesson† (Parker 181). This quote sets them up the main conflict of the story. It was the beginning of the revenge the black girls Brownie troop plotted on the white girls Brownie troop 909. At the end of the short story, the black girls Brownie troop become conscious that they have made false assumptions on the other troop when the leader of troop 909 revealed to them that her girls have learning disabilities. The Brownie 909 troop leader had revealed that her â€Å"‘girls are not retarded. They are delayed learners†¦ from the Decatur Children’s Academy. Many of them just have special needs’†(Parker 190). Few of the girls in the white girls Brownie troop are echolalic. Echolalic is a learning disorder, which comes from a psychological term echolalia. When a person is diagnosed with echolalia, the individual tends to unintentionally repeats what they have heard from another person whether it is a bad or made-up word(s) or phrase(s). The black girls Brownie troop turn themselves to the victimizer when they accused Troop 909 for calling them a â€Å"nigger†. To an extent, Z. Z. Parker’s short story â€Å"Brownies† central theme of segregation is relevant to today’s society. Though segregation is still present in today’s world, it is not the same as it was years ago when it was a severe matter. Compared to segregation back in history, where most people die fighting for their rights, individuals today mostly fight verbally through petitions and marches. One of the most common segregation disputes in the United States today is gay marriages being legalized. It is said that homosexual marriage is wrong because it ruin the meaning of â€Å"marriage†. For decades, marriage has always been between a man and a woman. In addition, homosexual marriage imposes its acceptance on all society and religion such as Christianity. Though some parts of the United States still disapprove of gay marriages, they cannot stop two individuals from loving each other. Overall, Segregation still exists in the world and will always exist, whether it is on race and or gender. Works Cited Parker, Zuwena. â€Å"Brownies. † /Back Literature. /4th Ed. Eds. V. J. Kennedy, Dana Gioia. Boston:Pearson, 2012. 177-194. Print.

Trench Warfare Essays - Trench Warfare, Military Science

Trench Warfare World War I was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It was a modern war with airplanes, machine guns, and tanks. However, the commanders often fought World War I as if it were a 19th Century war. They would march their troops across open land into the face of machine guns and often slaughter. As a result of this action, a tactic known as trench warfare was implemented. The most recent use of use of trench warfare, before World War I, took place during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). This war attracted worldwide attention among military authorities that were interested in studying the latest technology used in war. Many viewed trench warfare to be an effective tactic against enemy advancement. Because of this view, trench warfare proved to be, in World War I, an ineffective and traumatizing experience for all. In September 1914, the German commander, General Erich von Falkenhayn ordered his troops to dig trenched that would provide protection from the allied troops. When the allies reached the trench, they soon realized that they could not break through the line that the trench provided. They also realized that the trench provided the Germans with shelter from their fire. Soon after, the allies began to dig their own trenches and, therefore, trench warfare began. Not very long, after the first trenches of the war were dug, a network of trenches arose. This network spread across France and Belgium for many miles. Within the network, there were three different types of trenches: front line trenches, support trenches, and reserve trenches. The first line of trenches was called front line trenches. These were usually two meters deep and had a zigzag pattern to prevent enemy fire from sweeping the entire length of the trench. In order to prevent the trench form caving in, sandbags were stacked against the trench walls. Between the trenches of opposing forces laid no man's land. This area between the opposing front line trenches was filled with barbwire and mines to prevent enemy crossing. If a soldier was ever injured in no man's land, he usually was killed because of his vulnerability to enemy fire. The second and third types of trenches were the support and reserve trenches, respectively. These trenches were constructed to easily move supplies and troops to the front trenches. All of the trenches were linked to each other by other trenches, underground tunnels, or telephone communications networks. Barbwire was also stretched across the line to protect from enemy attack. While the design of the trenches and the network of trenches seemed like a great tactic, the reality of the life in the trenches was a different story. Life in the trenches took its toll on the soldiers involved in the war. The soldiers in the front line trenches often stayed there for at least 10 days at a time, usually with very little sleep. Katczinsky is right when he says it would not be such a bad war if only one could get more sleep. In the line we have next to none, and fourteen days is a long time at one stretch(p.2). The main reason that soldiers on the front line could not sleep was to be on guard against enemy sneak attacks. Another reason that the soldiers were very tired is that night was used as a time for preparation and maintenance of the trenches. The trenches were constantly being destroyed, either by enemy shellfire, or water damage. Many times, soldiers would be buried alive by the collapsing trench walls. Paul, in All Quiet on the Western Front, states Our trench is almost gone. At many places, it is only eighteen inches high, it is broken by holes, and craters, and mountains of earth.(p.107). Along with very little sleep and the destruction of trenches, soldiers also had to worry about contracting trench foot. Trench foot is an infection of the feet caused by wet and insanitary conditions. Soldiers stood for hours on end in waterlogged trenches without being able to remove wet socks or boots. This caused their feet to gradually go numb and their skin to turn red or blue. If these conditions went untreated, they would turn gangrenous and result in amputation. Another major concern for

Leadership Analysis Napoleon Essay Example

Leadership Analysis Napoleon Essay Example Leadership Analysis Napoleon Paper Leadership Analysis Napoleon Paper But one of the retreat leaders who have marked Europe and a large part of the world Is Napoleon Bonaparte. To understand the Impact he had on the modern world you just have to look around, mainly in France. All the typical architecture of Paris was designed by the Baron Houseman originated by Napoleon himself and the main evidence of his legacy is the Napoleonic code which is still a fundamental text of the French law. Concerning his code Napoleon said: My true glory is not to have won 40 battles Waterloo will erase the memory of so many victories. But Hat will live forever is y Call Code . This code has Is still enforced In a quarter of the worlds Jurisdiction Including Europe, the Americas and Africa. HIS story still fascinates many people all around the world. Description of Napoleon Napoleons Origins Napoleon Bonaparte was born In Ciao on August 1 5th minion, Just one year after ten treaty AT Versailles wanly transporter Corsica Trot ten Repelled AT Genoa to France. He was born into a noble family, his father, Carlo Maria Bonaparte, was Corsican representative to the court of Louis XVI in 1777. Thanks to his familys injections, he was admitted to the military academy of Paris where he already showed good skills to command. His Political Career On November 19th, 1799, Napoleon, helped by his brother Lucien Bonaparte (speaker of the Council of Five Hundred), Talleyrand, Ducks and Sissies (members of the directory), organized a coup to overthrow the constitutional government. He first intended to initiate a parliamentary takeover but due to a tactless speech he was accused to be an outlaw by the Council of Five Hundred and threaten to be imprisoned. To rescue him, his brother, Lucien, called the guards pretending that embers of the Council are trying to stab Napoleon and turned, in fact, the coup into a military turnover. The French Consulate was then created and Napoleon together with Ducks and Sissies were elected provisional Consuls of France. During that time, Ducks totally supported Napoleon whereas Sissies did not want to let Napoleon have full powers but Napoleon maneuver in order to get the Constitution of the Year VIII voted which ensured Napoleon to be designated First Consul, the most powerful in France. Sissies was then relegated to simply President of the Senate. As the First Consul of France, Napoleon reformed many institutions like education, the territorial organization centralizing administration, the banking system creating the Bank of France. He also increased his power by imposing the Constitution of the Year X which first article was: The French people name and the Senate proclaims Napoleon- Bonaparte First Consul for Life . Because of that Napoleon had to face royalist and Jacobin plots but that will actually help him to become emperor. In fact, he proposed to the senate to become emperor to prevent the Bourbon family (former rulers of France) to have the possibility to gain the throne again and to preserve the principles of the French Revolution. The Senate finally accepted in 1804 and Napoleon became the first emperor of France. Now Emperor, Napoleon invaded Germany and Austria to dissolute the Holy Roman Empire and, after he won the battle at Austerity in 1805 against the Russian and Austrian armies, he created the Confederation of the Rhine which he was named its Protector. Master of War After his training at the military academy of Paris, Napoleon was sent to serve on garrison duty in Valence as second lieutenant where he gained experience to be an army leader. Then he was appointed artillery commander of the republican forces at the siege of Talon. During the siege, Napoleon drew a plan in order to capture a hill that would allow republican guns to dominate the citys harbor and force the British ships to evacuate. Napoleon succeeded to capture the city that promoted him to the rank of brigadier general. In 1795, the Royalists caused an insurrection in Paris at the Utilities Palace. Napoleon was called by Barras commander of the Interior Army to cease the insurrection. He dispersed Royalists mob a whiff of grapeshot and was remoter commander of the Interior Army, replacing Barras who became member of ten Directory, plus nee was given command AT ten Army AT Italy. As ten leader AT ten Army of Italy, Napoleon was very efficient to motivate his troops and innovated in war strategy by using, for example, artillery as mobile force support to infantry attacks which helped him to win many battles like during his Italian campaign where he defeated five Austrian armies within a year. Sent by the Directory, Napoleon conquered Egypt in 1798 defeating, battles after battles, the army of the Ottoman Empire. Later Egypt returned to the Turkish and British armies because of the bubonic plague which stroke French army after Napoleon left to return to France. It was as an emperor that Napoleon won his most famous battles. On the first anniversary of his coronation, he had his greatest victory at Austerity over the Austrian and Russian armies (two of the best armies at this time) and for this occasion, Napoleon edified the Arc De Triumphed monument in Paris. Napoleon would say about this victory: The battle of Austerity is the finest of all I have fought. War pet going between the French empire, the United Kingdom, Russia, Prussia and Spain. From alliance with ones and betrayal from others, Napoleon and the French Empire was still victorious during the period 1804-1812 but soon the French Empire would be surrounded with enemies including Prussia, Russia, Great Britain, Sweden, Austria, Spain and Portugal which was called the war of the Sixth Coalition. Napoleons fall started when he tried to invade Russia in 1812, where had success going deep in the Russian Territory but found nothing to take as Russian used their famous scorched earth tactics. When he returned to France, the war of the Sixth Coalition started, Napoleon still had few victories at Dressed in 1813 but suffered a severe defeat in the battle of Leipzig. In 1814, the Coalition army captured Paris. Napoleon tried to counter attack but his Marshals especially Nee decided to mutiny and Napoleon was forced to abdicate. He then went into exile on the island Elba where he stayed until 1815. At this time, it could have been over but Napoleon figured out a way to escape from Elba, landed on the French Riviera and went to Greenbelt where he met the 5th regiment led by the marshal Nee, sent to intercept IM. Napoleon approached the regiment alone, dismounted his horse and shouted: Here I am. Kill your Emperor, if you wish. The soldiers responded with: Vive L Emperor! and marched with Napoleon to Paris. Scared Louis XVIII, who took the power, fled and Napoleon regained the power for a period now called the Hundred Days. In that time, he rallied 200,000 soldiers to his cause but Great Britain, Russia, Netherlands and Prussia allied their forces to end his rule. In 181 5, they fought at the battle of Waterloo where Napoleon was defeated for good and captured to be sent to he island of Saint Helena, where he will die in 1821. Charismatic Leadership Theory This Theory was defined by the German socialist Macmillan Weber in the sasss and developed by Robert House in 1977. Max Weber explained Charisma as a quality of an individual, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed supernatural, superhuman or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. These are such as are not accessible to the ordinary person, but are regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader ( How the quality in question would be ultimately league Trot an tentacle, aesthetic or toner sun pollen AT blew Is naturally In I a Torrent for the purpose of definition. To Weber charismatic leaders can be sort out in three types: Charismatic domination (sport captains). Feudal domination (kings). Bureaucracy domination (Coos). Later, Robert House described charismatic leadership with four designations: Dominant (army leaders). Strong desire to influence others (politicians). Self confident (entrepreneurs). Strong sense of ones own moral values (religious leaders). More recently, in 1998, Conger defined five behaviors for charismatic leaders:- Vision and communication. Sensitivity to the environment. Sensitivity to the needs of others. Personal risk taking. Use of unconventional strategies. Charismatic leadership is very often used in difficult times to solve critical situations. Charismatic leaders are capable to get out of difficult circumstances because they are visionary; they provide a better horizon which people will see thanks to their communication skills. They also make followers work harder simply making them feeling that they are capable and giving them confidence. Charismatic leaders inspire trust to go forward and will carry the risks. Jay Conger, in 1989, has adapted a four- step process to approach charismatic leadership. The first one is that the leader has to analyses his environment and create a vision out of it. The second step is communicating the vision by motivating followers with the use of effective vocabulary and strong arguments. For the third stage, charismatic leaders need build trust and commitment among the followers. Subordinates must be emotionally involved in the mission and support the goals; this could be done through personal risk taking, unconventional expertise and self-sacrifice. The strengths of charismatic leadership are: Group members are willingly obedient where leaders. The ability to deal efficiently with critical situation. Lead by example providing vision, unconventional strategies and huge energy. The limitations of charismatic leadership are: Strong obedience tends to attract weak followers which lead to poor delegation. People having charisma are relatively rare. Narcissism, lose of reality and insensitive to others. Depending on the personality of the leaders, charismatic leadership can tangentially turn into a cult of the leader unpredictable and dangerous. The Path- Goal Theory The Path-Goal theory was first inspired by Martin G. Evans in 1970 and developed by Robert House in 1971. House formulated that leaders can affect performance, satisfaction and motivation of group by using those means:- Offering rewards for achieving performance goals. Clarifying paths towards these goals. Removing costless to performance. To do so leaders can adopt different styles of leadership: Directive leadership where the leader has to give specific instruction to subordinates for performance. Supportive leadership, leaders need be warmth and friendly to motivate and involve followers. Participative leadership where leaders consult the group member and take into account their suggestions. Achievement- orientated leadership, the leader sets high-level performance goals and expects the best from his subordinates. The choice of the style of leadership depends on the situation. According to House there the situational factors of the Path-Goal theory are: Subordinates personality: Locus of control. A participative leader is suitable for subordinates with internal coco of control; a directive leader is suitable for subordinates with external locus of control. Self-perceived ability. Subordinates that believe they have a high ability themselves do not like directive leadership. Characteristics of the environment: When a group is working on a task that has a high structure, directive leadership is redundant and less effective. When a highly formal authority system is in place, directive leadership can reduce workers satisfaction. When subordinates are in a team environment offering great social support, the supportive leadership style becomes less necessary. Napoleon Leadership Analysis Napoleons Charismatic leadership Concerning the three types of Weepers charismatic leadership Napoleon was probably in between charismatic and feudal domination. Feudal domination, simply because he created the French Empire and charismatic because even when he lost, or he had not, his emperor status he impressed many people. Regarding the four Houses designations of charismatic leadership, Napoleon was clearly a dominant. He was the one who conquered Italy, Germany, Spain, etc And during all his reign he kept on trying to invade the United Kingdom and Russia. He was willing influence people to reach his goals, he convinced the Senate to set up his Empire which was obviously not in the interest of the Senate. Napoleon had confidence in himself like no other; he was not afraid to challenge two to six nations at one time and even when he was sent into exile, he returned and took the power again with a small amount of soldiers. Even if Napoleon set up an Empire, he was a strong believer in the principles of the French Revolution and that showed that he believed hard in his values. As a general, he was an unorthodox leader using unconventional strategies. But his charisma led him to the dark side of the theory he had all the negative behavior of the theory. This was during his last years of reign, he became narcissistic and lost his sense of reality, he wanted to invade Russia even if all his Marshals advised him not to. This move cost his empire and the lives of thousands of soldiers. He did not trust anybody anymore, he sent spies to his Marshals afraid of a conspiracy. Path-Goal theory Robert Houses Path-Goal theory helps us to understand how Napoleon succeeded to motivate and get the best out of his soldier. By instituting the LÂ ©goon denouncer which was a substitute for the old royalist decorations, Napoleon intended to encourage Cleveland Ana military assessments During Tattles, nee 010 not insolate to do the things that were the responsibilities of the lieutenants or the generals below him. Throughout his reign, we can notice that Napoleon used different type of leadership relating to the Path-Goal theory. He was a directive leader as a general of the army in his early career and as the Emperor. He was a supportive leader his soldiers when he had regain the throne after his first exile. In 1805, when he decided o stop the invasion of the United Kingdom, he consulted all his Marshals to take this decision. Napoleon was very demanding to his soldiers and Marshals, he expected them to give their best on the battle field even if death is required and this was the absolute achievement-orientated leadership. Ever since Napoleon had any amount of power while he was a lieutenant or an emperor, he always wisely adapted his leadership style to the situation. Conclusion In the public opinion Napoleon is seen as a charismatic leader and looking at the Charismatic leadership theory, he was the perfect type of a leader with great harms. The theory admits that charismatic leadership useful in difficult times and when Napoleon arrived to power he transformed France from a fuzzy period post revolution to the greatest empire that the country had never known. The Path-Goal theory allows us to understand how so much people Joined his vision, even against their own interest, and why he was so convincing to politicians, to soldiers and to the people. References Leadership, 2nd Asia-Pacific edition, Dublin, Dahlias, Miller. http://en. Wisped. Org/ wick/Napoleon_l_of_France http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Leadership http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/path-goal_theory Napoleon-series. Org/research/napoleon/c_Generalizing. http:// www. Potentialities. Com/Napoleonbonaparteleadership. Manage. Com/methods_Weber_charismatic_leadership. http:// homeworks. About. Com/odd/sisterhoods/as/leadership_4. Manage. Com/methods_path_goal_theory. http://changings. Org/disciplines/leadership/styles/path_goal_leadership. Valetudinarianism. Net/methods_path_goal_theory. http:// www. Dooryard. Com/miscellaneous/path_goal_theory. HTML

Discussion question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussion question - Essay Example Effectiveness will determine the success of organizational performance, but efficiency only contributes to that success and does not play a direct role in performance outcomes. An organization may be extremely efficient and what they do, but if they are not effective then the short term and long-term goals and objectives will not likely be met. It is possible to simultaneously manage effectiveness and efficiency because these two concepts are linked to each other. However, effectiveness should be focused on first because if an organization is not effective then it will not matter how efficient it is. It is up to managers to put ideas into place that can assist in the efficiency of organizational performance. Efficiency can always be improved on later but effectiveness must be put into practice first because it will set the right tone throughout a work organization. Effectiveness concerns the board members and investors because they do not get to see the day to day operations of a bus iness, while efficiency is something that managers must be focused on because that will affect the effectiveness of organizational performance. ... Management theories must always take societal forces into account and also predict future changes in society that will have an effect on the workplace. For example, 100 years ago women were not common in the workplace, especially after they had a child. Because many women choose to pursue a career first instead of starting a family, management practices need to allow for the fact that most women do want to have a baby at some point. By taking this into account, managers can plan for the absence of a female employee, assist them in some way while they take time off, and help to reintegrate them back into the workplace after they have given birth. Another area that has changed over the last few decades is in terms of working hours. Previously most people would work a 9 to 5 job with very little room for flexibility, but nowadays it is commonplace for employees to allow their workers to adjust their working hours based on their own individual needs. New management techniques are a respo nse to these forces because managers are always going to want their workers to be efficient, and changing management techniques are inevitable to make this possible. 3- Based in your experience at work or school, describe some ways in which the principles of scientific management and bureaucracy are still used in organizations. Do you believe these characteristics will ever cease to be a part of organizational life? Discuss I do not really have any personal experiences with principles of scientific management, but I do think that Frederick Taylor's principles are still used through many workplaces and schools today. Although scientific management was first

Porters Six Forces on Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Porters Six Forces on Business - Research Paper Example One of the routes to success for this business is its ability to understand its rivals’ actions and marketing techniques. The extent to which competition exists among rivals varies between sectors and the market sectors in them. The food industry and specifically the retail segment is very competitive (Mollona, 2010:27). Considering that this business is in the food retail sector, it must recognize the presence of an extent of competition in the industry. There are a lot of companies and their products are tailored to outmatch each other (Wetherley & Otter, 2011:37). As a result, this business must know what it faces and might face in its operations. Failure to do this will probably contribute to its downfall before the six-month window closes. However, regardless of the number of rivals, this business faces it is important for its durability that it understands the differences between its competitors. This information is vital when designing its strategy and it cannot be acco mplished by simply employing two indices, e.g. the company size and market share, or sales income and market capitalization (French, 2009:12). The business should use two indices to gauge its competitive edge and those of its competitors: HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index)This is more sophisticated than the CRx. It measures the size of firms in relation to the sector and shows the level of competition amongst these firms (Boone, 2012:39). The HHI also provides more weighting to large firms.

Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay Example for Free

Prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay Throughout the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, many different prejudices are revealed. The most prominent being the racial prejudice between the white people and black people in Maycomb, Alabama during the 1930s. However, there are many more subtle and discreet prejudices against other people in Maycomb, also. One of the first prejudices to become known is against the Cunninghams. The Cunninghams are a very poor farming family who were hit hard by the Great Depression. The Cunninghams never took anything they cant pay back no church baskets and no scrimp stamps. They never took anything off anybody, they get along on what they have. They dont have much, but they get along on it. Scout explains to Miss Caroline, their first grade teacher, on page 20. The Cunninghams were hit hardest by the Depression and because of their level of poverty the Cunninghams are discriminated against. The thing is, you can scrub Walter Cunningham till he shines, you can put him in shoes and a new suit, but hell never be like Jem. Aunt Alexandra explains to Scout on page 224. Aunt Alexandra does not want Scout associating with Walter Cunningham simply because of his class. Aunt Alexandra is discriminating against the Cunninghams because they are below the Finches on the social strata. Probably the most prominent prejudice in the novel is the racial prejudice. Tom Robinson was a black man who was accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white girl. When Tom was put in jail awaiting trial, Atticus, his lawyer, went down one night and sat outside the jailhouse. A mob showed up that night with the intent to beat Tom Robinson but with Atticus there, the mob was stalled and eventually left. This mob was consumed with racial prejudice against the black people. Even Calpurnia, the black housekeeper for the Finches, is discriminated against. Although Calpurnia is treated fairly, it is obvious Calpurnia is considered to be on a lower social level than the Finches. Calpurnia calls Scout maam and Jem sir, although these are titles usually reserved for elders. An example of this is on page 207. Calpurnia addresses Jem after they have been missing at the trial all day with Hush your mouth, sir! When you oughta be hangin your head in shame you go along laughin. If Mr. Finch dont wear you out, I will get in that house, sir! Though it seems that the blacks are the ones who are prejudiced against, when Jem and Scout are taken to Calpurnias church, (their black house-keeper) the black people show hostility towards Jem and Scout. Lula, a black woman at the church confronts Calpurnia on page 119. You aint got no business bringin white chillun herethey got their church, we got ourn. Because the whites shun the blacks the blacks are prejudiced in return. Another prejudice that comes to light is the prejudice against Dolphus Raymond. Dolphus is a wealthy white man but is a victim of isolation because of his relationship with a woman who is black. When Scout meets Mr. Dolphus Raymond during the trial Scout becomes aware that Dolphus is a victim of prejudice and has become an outcast. Dolphus pretended to be a drunk so he didnt have to explain the fact that he was simply in love with a black woman. The alcohol, Dolphus said, gave the people an excuse to say that Dolphus didnt know what he was doing. On page 200, Dolphus says to Dill and Scout When I come to this town, which is seldom, if I weave a little and drink out of this sack, folks can say Dolphus Raymonds in the clutches of whiskythats why he wont change his ways. He cant help himself, thats why he lives like he does. The people of Maycomb are intolerant of the way Dolphus chooses to live. Dolphus is discriminated against because he lives his life with a black woman. This is thought to be wrong in society in Maycomb. Yet another prejudice in Maycomb was that against Arthur Radley. Arthur Radley could see the segregation of the people of Maycomb and the prejudice. Therefore Arthur isolated himself; Arthur didnt want to be a part of Maycombs intolerance. By doing this Arthur became one of the outsiders and was still a victim of the prejudice, as Arthur was different. There were wild rumors circulating the town and the children made up stories and games about Arthur. Because he was virtually unknown, Arthur Radley was discriminated against. The theme of prejudice is explored many ways throughout the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. The different kinds of prejudice explore how deep peoples  hatred of each other can go. It gives the reader good insight as to what makes people intolerant and why people shouldnt be prejudiced just because others are different. From discriminating against the poor to racial prejudice to silly rumors fueling intolerance, very few realize that everyone is different but also equal.

Revolution Girl Style: Fifty Years of Women in Rock and Roll Essay

Revolution Girl Style: Fifty Years of Women in Rock and Roll Rock and roll was born of a black man's soul and a white man's...well, his whiteness; his wallet and radio station. Rock is the white man's version of black man's music; it's full of rebellion and rawness and soul, a style of music that captured America's youth and the fire and brimstone of the clergy's private hell. Elvis heard Big Mama Thornton's throaty and soulful "Hound Dog" and the rest is history; unquestionable talent aside, it was his white skin that allowed certain DJs to play him on the radio in the midst of the rigid segregation of the nineteen-fifties. Ever since then, rock has constantly walked the line between trendsetters and trendfollowers; those who innovate and those who capitalize. It is, perhaps, a natural occurance when you combine rebellion with big business. An innovative band or artist does something raw and passionate; other artists or labels take it and water it down just enough to make it marketable. As such, rock also has to keep reinventing itself, for t oday's innovation will quickly become tomorrow's tripe. The rawness of rock either frightens people or attracts them; its ability to shock and offend is legendary and vital to the survival of the genre. "Rock has always professed (although many times hypothetically) to ally itself with rebellion and to the dismantling of the status quo." (Juno 4) In the 1960s, racial tensions far surpassed gender ones; the Supremes encountered far more prejudice because of their black skins than Janis Joplin did because of her gender. But in the late sixties and early seventies, the faultlines that held together America's illusions of bliss fractured, and out of the cracks came people fighting for sel... ... Juno Books, 1996. Laven, Anna. Telephone interview. 11 April 2004. McDonnell, Evelyn and Ann Powers, ed. rock she wrote: women write about rock, pop, and rap. New York: Copper Square Press, 1995. Morgan, Joan. When Chickenheads Come Home to Roost: A Hip Hop Feminist Breaks It Down. New York: Touchstone Books, 1999. O ¹Dair, Barbara, ed. Trouble Girls: The Rolling Stone Book of Women in Rock. New York: Random House, 1997. O ¹Hara, Craig. The Philosophy of Punk. San Francisco: AK Press, 1999. Sinker, Dan. Punk Planet: The Collected Interviews. New York: Adeline Press, 2003. Sinker, Dan.  ³Venus. ² Punk Planet July-Aug 2002: 64-67. Swirling, Ross. Telephone interview. 11 April 2004. Turner, Chà ©rie. Everything You Need to Know about the Riot Grrrl Movement: The Feminism of a New Generation. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2001.

Helping Children with Learning Disabilities Essay

Children with learning disabilities are smart or smarter than their peers, but may have difficulty with things like reading, writing, reasoning, and organizing information by themselves. A learning disability is a lifelong issue that cannot be cured or fixed with a snap of the fingers. Children who have the right support and intervention can succeed in school. Then later they will be able to go and be successful later in life. Children with learning disabilities need the support of parents, school and their community to be successful. Parents need to be able to encourage children with their strengths, know what their weaknesses are, and be able to understand the educational system to be able to work with professionals. Learning Disabilities cannot be categorized into one diagnosis. Learning disabilities are caused by biological factors that are caused by differences in the structure and functioning of the nervous system. Many people, both in the local and professional community, use the terms handicap and disability interchangeably, but they are not. A learning disability means that preschoolers are unable to complete tasks in a certain way. Children with learning disabilities have a hard time functioning in areas such as sensory, physical, cognitive, and other areas. Handicap means that preschoolers are unable to function and cope in their environment. These children have impairments such as cerebral palsy or down syndrome. In 1991, the federal government amended the disabilities label to â€Å"Individuals with Disabilities Act† (PL 102-119). This act allowed states to be able to not identify with one of the thirteen federal disability labels, but to classify preschoolers with special needs. (Kilgo, pg 27) With the new changes professionals were able to use new terms like developmentally delayed and at risk when identifying children. Developmentally delayed is determined on the basis of various developmental assessments and/or an informed clinical opinion. Children starting at the age of three years old can now be identified for services. Delays can be expressed in a difference between a child’s chronological age and his/her performance levels. Delays occur when a child does not reach his/her developmental milestones at the expected age level or time. If a child is slightly behind it is not considered a delay until he/she are lagging in two or more areas of motor, language, social or thinking skills. Developmental delays are usually diagnosed by a doctor or medical professional based on strict guidelines and take more than one visit to diagnose. Parents or childcare providers are usually the first to notice children not progressing at the same rate as other children. Testing will help to gauge a child’s developmental level. At risk describes children with exposure to certain adverse conditions and circumstances known to have a high probability of resulting in learning and development difficulties? (Kilgo, pg 28) These children have not been identified as having a disability, but as children who may be developing conditions that will limit their success in school or lead to disabilities. There are three factors that can result in a child’s environment. The first is established risk/genetic. This could be where a child is born with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, or spinal bifida. Biological risk means that a child has a history of pre- or post- natal conditions that heighten the chance of development. These could be conditions such as premature births, infants with low birth weights, maternal diabetes, and bacterial infections like meningitis or HIV. Environmental risks are considered biologically typical, meaning they are environmental conditions that are limiting or threating to the child’s development. All three at risk factors can result in cognitive, social, affective, and physical problems. (Kim, pg. 4) Some signs of learning disabilities in young children are: †¢ A toddler may reach developmental milestones quite slowly. †¢ The child may have trouble understanding the concept of time. Is the child confused by the use of words like â€Å"tomorrow†, â€Å"today†, and â€Å"yesterday†? †¢ Young children have a lot of energy, but some have an excessive amount of kinetic energy, known as hyperactivity. †¢ A child that has difficulty distinguishing right from left may have difficulty identifying words. †¢ A child with a learning disability often masters several areas, while failing in two or more areas. A child that is perceived as disobedient may actually have difficulty understanding and following instructions. Once a child has been identified as having a possible learning disability, assessments need to be completed. An assessment is the process of gathering information for the purpose of making a decision about children with known or suspected disabilities in the area of screening, diagnosis, eligibility, program planning, and/or process monitoring and evaluation. (Kilo, pg. 90) During the assessment, evaluations should be accomplished with the e goal of identifying developmentally ppropriate goals, identifying unique styles and strengths, looking at parent goals and outcomes for their children, reinforcing family’s competence and worth, and creating a sense of shared commitment between families, schools, and professionals. Families possess a wealth of information and should play a very active role in the decision making, planning, and evaluations of their children. Schools are required to foster a child’s education, offering and supporting the needs of each child through a series of individualized instructions and interventions. School districts must provide documentation stating that the student has received the required instruction by qualified personnel. These interventions help teachers and staff to educate and foster the needs of children with learning disabilities. Assessments are an ongoing process. The initial assessment should be used to screen, diagnose, and check for eligibility for services. Ongoing assessments are to focus on a child’s skill level, needs, background, experiences, and interests, as well as the family’s preferences and priorities. Over the years practice has shown that there is a link between assessments and curriculum to provide for the needs of the child. It is important to keep records of a child’s progress. A very useful way is through portfolio assessments. These portfolios can be considered a looking glass into a child’s growth. Portfolios also help teachers and team members to keep observations and comments about a child’s activities and behaviors. The information collected can help meet many of the required criteria for planning and monitoring. An important responsibility of an educator is to have an environment that will both nurture and foster learning. When designing an environment childcare providers should use best practice guidelines from places like National Association of Education of Young Child (NAEYC) and National Association of Family Childcare (NAFCC). Environments should look at available space, age of children, visual appeal, safety and health, and organization. (Perri Klass, pg. 46) Always remember that environments exert powerful influences on children and help to play a vital role in children’s lives. Activity areas should include gross- motor, quiet/calm, discover, dramatic, therapeutic, and arts and crafts areas. Rooms should not have furniture that is used to separate centers or activities but should use things like lower lightening, parachutes hanging from the ceiling and area rugs to help children understand the use of different centers. The main goal of childcare providers and educators is to provide the best possible services for children with learning disabilities by providing services â€Å"as early and comprehensively as possible in the least restrictive setting†. Services and interventions should be supported in the most natural environments that will include the child’s primary care giver. Individual Education Plans (IEP) plays a large role in the education process of children with learning disabilities. These IEP’s require professionals, parents, and caregivers to work together as a team. They hold teams to accountability standards for the care of children with disabilities. A child’s IEP helps to furnish an instructional direction, sort of like a blueprint of care, to measure the effectiveness and progress of children. If an IEP is carefully written and appropriate goals are set, it will provide special education services to a child that will be reflected throughout his/her life. In the field of early childhood education, the definition of special needs has drastically changed for children with learning disabilities over the years. We live in a very diverse society of languages, foods, music, values and religious beliefs that brings us the strengths of our nation. Every day the makeup of our society changes and so does the needs of our children, especially those of children with learning disabilities. Our community is seeing a growing need for services for children with learning disabilities. Young children with learning disabilities need to receive services at the earliest age possible. Parents need to remember that learning disabilities do not go away overnight and for some children it takes years of recognizing, expressing, thinking, and problem solving to succeed at being the young adult that they are meant to be.

Amounts, Percents, and Bases of Percent Problems

In early mathematics, students come to understand percents as an amount of the base sum of an item, but the term per cent simply means per hundred, so it can be interpreted  as a portion out of 100, including fractions and sometimes numbers higher than 100. In percent problems in mathematics assignments and examples, students are often asked to identify the three core parts of the problem—the amount, the percent, and the base—wherein the amount is the number taken out of the base by being reduced by a certain percentage. The percent symbol is read twenty-five percent and simply means 25 out of 100. It is useful to be able to understand that a percent can be converted to a fraction and a decimal, meaning that 25 percent can also mean 25 over 100 which can be reduced to 1 over 4 and 0.25 when written as a decimal. Practical Uses of Percentage Problems Percentages may be the most useful tool of early mathematics education for adult life, especially when you consider that every mall has 15 percent off and half off sales to entice shoppers to purchase their wares. As a result, its critical for young students to grasp the concepts of calculating the amount reduced if they take a percentage away from of a base. Imagine youre planning a trip to Hawaii with you and a loved one, and have a coupon thats only valid for the off-season of travel but guarantees 50 percent off the ticket price. On the other hand, you and your loved one can travel during the busy season and really experience the island life, but you can only find 30 percent discounts on those tickets. If the off-season tickets cost $1295 and the on-season tickets cost $695 before applying the coupons, which would be the better deal? Based on the on-season tickets being reduced by 30 percent (208), the final total cost would be 487 (rounded up) while the cost for the off-season, being reduced by 50 percent (647), would cost 648 (rounded up). In this case, the marketing team probably expected people would jump at the half-off deal and not research deals for a time when people want to travel out to Hawaii the most. As a result, some people wind up paying more for a worse time to fly! Other Everyday Percent Problems Percents occur almost as frequently as simple addition and subtraction in everyday life, from calculating the appropriate tip to leave at a restaurant to calculating gains and losses in recent months. People who work on commission  often get around 10 to 15 percent of the value of the sale they made for a company, so a cars salesman who sells a one hundred thousand dollar car would get between ten and fifteen thousand dollars in commission from his sale. Similarly, those who save a portion of their salary for paying insurance and government taxes, or wish to dedicate part of their earnings to a savings account, must determine which percentage of their gross income they want to divest to these different investments.